2.3 The Inchcape Rock by Robert Southey




Click on the link given below to solve the online test based on this poem

1) Title – The title of poem The Inchcape Rock (1802) is very apt because it paved way to a conflict between good and evil. The Inchcape Rock is the center of the story which is written in poetic form.

2) About the Poet - Robert Southey (1774 to 1843) was born in Bristol England. He was a son of a draper (Clothe Wholesaler) and educated at Oxford. He was an English poet, a prolific letter writer, essay writer, historian and biographer. He was a Poet Laureate of England from 1813 to 1843 (for 30 years). The Inchcape Rock is a lyrical ballad written in 1802 and it is about the Inchcape Rock Legend, a reef which is situated in the North Sea, close to the coastal region of Angus in Scotland near the river Tay. The Inchcape Rock is known for its bad name as notorious for shipwreck. The title of the poem based on it and the kindness act of a monk.

3) About the Poem - The Inchcape Rock is based on the story of the 14th Century attempt by the Abbot of Aberbrothok who was head of the monastery placed a bell on the Inchcape rock to give warning to sailors about the impending danger. During rough seas, the sailors could not see the rock clearly and ships faced accident there. But now because of buoy bell whenever, the bell rang the sailors used to thank the Abbot for saving their lives. His act of kindness got fame among the all sailors. On the contarary, Sir Ralph, the pirate, got jealous at the Abbot of Aberbrothok’s fame for putting a bell on the perilous Inchcape Rock. Once he cut the bell to defame the Abbot. On return journey from Scotland in the absence of the bell they move clueless in the sea and his boat and all sailors’ crash against the rock to death.

4) Theme - The poem based on the most common theme of literature is the conflict between good and evil. It carries predictable ideas like - As you sow so shall you reap. Crime gets its own punishment. Evil digs a pit for others but falls into the same. In this poem Sir Ralph the Rover represents evil forces and the Monk Abbot of Aberbrothok represents for the Good forces. In the fit of anger Ralph the Rover cut the bell and pushed himself to death. He was victimized by his own bad deeds. The poem outlines the theme of the humanity between two persons. It was our deeds of lives which telling us who we are in reality and what are the effects? Thus the basic theme of the poem is that those who do bad things will ultimately be punished accordingly. The poem demonstrates the law that crime gets its own punishment.

5) Poetic Devices - The Inchcape Rock is written in the form of a ballad interwoven with a number of poetical devices alliteration, metaphor, personification, onomatopoeia and repetition. As the poem was written in 18th century, it endows with rich symbol, imagery and archaism. The poem comprises a lot of images which mesmerize and captivate the readers. E.g. - The sun shining gay, the waves flowed over the Inchcape Rock, sea birds screamed etc. The use of archaic word creates 18th century era about the water world, sailors, their voyages and pirates. The poem is also ironical. It is ironic that the Ralph suffered the same fate as he had prepared for others by the bells removal.

6) Language and Style - A ballad is traditionally sung by a traveling musician. Here, each stanza of the first line rhymes with the second and the third with the fourth. The poem is in a narrative tone that lyrical ballad tells a story. The poet has used expressive narrative techniques to enhance the effect of the poem. The Inchcape Rock gives a fine verbal image of the calm atmosphere of the sea, act of hanging bell, hazy night etc. These scenes of the ballad moves from one incident to another very easily. It provides a vivid picture into the reader’s minds.

7) Message values, morals – The poem gives us a message that those who do wrong thing will meet with due punishment. It shows how jealousy is an incurable defect of human character and conveys a moral lesson- ‘As you sow, so shall you reap.’ Thus the moral of the poem is ‘he who digs a pit for others, falls into it.’

8) Why I like the poem - I like the poem for two reasons, first for its teaching principle that crime gets its own punishment. And the other, it is written in lyrical ballad form which gives joy, happiness thrill and life time important lesson ‘Tit for tat’

Ice Breakers:

A) Word register related to marine life.
1) sailors             
2) fish                  
3) algae
4) crab                 
5) waves             
6) coast
7) ocean              
8) seashore         
9) species
10) salt water     
11) aquatic         
12) ship
13) icebergs        
14) sand              
15) reef
16) sea bird        
17) rock               
18) iceberg
19) shells            
20) islands          
21) coral beaches

B) The functions of a lighthouse.
1) to show the direction
2) to serve as navigational aids / tool.
3) to warn ships about danger in the sea areas.
4) to show  proper direction during the storm.
5) to guide the sailors to reach the coast.
6) help ships to find their way across the sea.
7) to tell ships that they are nearing the port.
8) It is metaphorically beacon light to all who are frustrated by failures

C) The various famous rocks in the world and the places.
1) Balancing Rock – (Mahabalipuram)
2) Rock of Gibraltar – (Strait of Gibraltar, Mediterranean Sea)
3) Plymouth Rock – (shore of Plymouth, harbour)
4) Ayer's Rock – Uluru (Australia)
5) Black stone-Mecca (Saudi Arabia)
6) Split Apple Rock-(New Zealand)
7) Old Harry Rock-(England)
8) Balancing Rock-(Canada)
9) Wave Rock – (USA)
10) Nanya Rock- (Taiwan)

D) Discuss the following expressions.
(a) As you sow so shall you reap
Answer:- This means that if you do bad things to people, bad things will happen to you, or if you do good things, good things will happen to you. The way you behave in life will affect the treatment you will receive from others.
(b) Crime gets its own punishment
Answer:- A punishment is a penalty imposed on somebody who is convicted of a crime. A punishment could be, for example, time in prison or a fine. Every crime gets punishment in the course of time.
(c) What goes around comes around
Answer:- The consequences of one's actions will have to be dealt with eventually. If someone treats other people badly he or she will eventually be treated badly by someone else. So the meaning of this phrase is, whatever you do to others, you will get in return
(d) Tit for tat
Answer:- ‘Tit for tat’ is giving back as much as you got, especially in retaliation for something harmful. A tit-for-tat action is one where someone takes revenge on another person for what they have done by doing something similar to them.
(e) Evil digs a pit for others but falls into the same
Answer:- It means that the people with bad mentality do some bad thing in order to harm others but at last due to their bad deeds they themselves got bad effect on themselves. If you set a trap for others, you will get caught in it yourself. 

Stanza wise Summary Of The Inchcape Rock :

The poem consists of 17 stanzas. Each of these stanzas is again made up of 4 lines. Hence, the entire poem consists of 68 lines in total.

Stanza 01
In this stanza, the poet describes how a ship was standing motionless in the absence of winds as well as current. Her sails were not moving and her keel was fixed in its position.

Stanza 02
In this stanza, the poet describes that the drowsy were gently moving around the rock. They were so small that they didn't make any impact on the bell.

Stanza 03
In this stanza, the poet reveals that it was a monk , the Abbot of Aberbrothok , who had installed the bell at Inchcape Rock on a buoy. In a storm , this buoy would move violently causing the bell to ring as a warning to all sailors.

Stanza 04
In this stanza, the poet says that when Inchcape Rock was underwater , sailors could hear the bell and know of the Rock's posit in the sea so as to avoid colliding with it, and for this , they hoped that God would reward the Abbot.

Stanza 05
In this stanza, the poet describes one particular day when the was shining brightly and the seabirds were screaming in joy.

Stanza 06
In this stanza, the buoy on which the Inchcape Bell had been installed is visible as a dark spot amidst the green colour of the surrounding water . This speck is then noticed by Sir Ralph as he was walking on the deck of his ship.

Stanza 07 
In this stanza,  Sir Ralph whistles and sings as the thought of spring cheered him up. However, his joy comes from wickedness.

Stanza 08
In this stanza, Sir Ralph tells his crew to sail him to Inchcape Rock so that he may cause trouble for Abbot .

Stanza 09
In this stanza, his crew sails Sir Ralph to Inchcape Rock and he cuts the bell from the buoy over there.

Stanza 10
In this stanza, the bell of Inchcape sinks in the water causing bubbles to rise and burst on the surface. Sir Ralph predicts that the next sailor who comes to Inchcape Rock will not ask for any blessing for the Abbot for they will have nothing to thank him for...

Stanza 11
In this stanza, Sir Ralph sails away from Inchcape, does his job of a pirate for quite some time and then with his loot, he proceeds again towards Scotland.

Stanza 12
In this stanza, there is a thick haze all over the sky and the sun has become invisible . While there had been a strong wind blowing previously, it was all but gone by the evening.

Stanza 13
In this stanza , Sir Ralph stands on deck of the ship , but can not see any land around him. He tells his crew that once the moon rises, there will be some light for them to see.

Stanza 14
In this stanza, one member of Sir Ralph's crew says that they must be near the shore since one can hear the waves breaking somewhere nearby. However, without the Inchcape Bell, it is impossible to figure out their exact location.

Stanza 15
In this stanza, the ship is moving slowly through the water till it is suddenly strikes a large object and its entire structure is shaking . The crew realizes that they have hit the Inchcape Rock.

Stanza 16
In this stanza, Sir Ralph has lost all hope and taken to insulting himself as the ship starts to sink with the high tide.

Stanza 17
In this stanza , Sir Ralph hears  the Devil toiling the that signals his death as his ship is sinking .


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